The transporter is a device used for near instantaneous transport between distant locations by disassembling an object on the quantum level, converting it to energy that is then transmitted via subspace to or from a distant location. The distant location need not have a transporter under normal usage. The transmission from one transporter pad to another compatible pad, however, does increase the range and effectiveness of the system.
Site to Site
Transporters since the 23rd century also have the capacity to do a "site-to-site" transport, where a transporter is used to receive an object from one location and broadcast them to a second distant location. It should be noted that this did not become routine until the 24th century and was not possible in the 22nd century.
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NX Class Transporter Room
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Constitution Class Transporter Room
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Galaxy Class Transporter Room
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Intrepid Class Transporter Room