The Starfleet drydock takes many forms, usually built for a size of ship verses a class, though some specific designs do exist for specific classes of ship. A drydock allows for major refit or space craft construction by providing an external framework and structure to access and manipulate a space craft as well as support the internal systems while repair, refit, or construction goes on.
A drydock provides power, life support, docking facilities for personnel and equipment, and structure to build from on a large scale.
The design and size of the standard drydock facility has changed over time to allow the construction of larger ships. Smaller drydocks based on older designs are still in use from as far back as the 22nd century model used with the NX and Daedalus class ships.
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23rd Century Design
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24th Century Design